The Journal of Astronomy and Sharia Applications (JASA) recognizes the substantial effort invested by authors in preparing, submitting, and revising scholarly manuscripts. JASA is committed to maintaining the accuracy, credibility, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record through rigorous editorial and peer-review processes.

In certain circumstances, however, published articles may require correction, retraction, removal, or replacement due to scientific, ethical, or legal concerns. Such actions are taken only when necessary and in accordance with recognized publication ethics standards.

This policy is intended to ensure transparency, accountability, and consistency in post-publication practices while preserving the reliability and integrity of JASA’s electronic scholarly archive.

The Journal of Astronomy and Sharia Applications (JASA) may retract a published article when its findings, ethical standing, or publication integrity are fundamentally compromised.

Retraction may be considered in the following circumstances:

• Clear evidence indicates that the findings are unreliable because of research misconduct, including data fabrication, falsification, image manipulation, citation manipulation, or other serious breaches of research integrity.
• Major errors in data, astronomical calculations, measurements, methods, analysis, or interpretation substantially invalidate the conclusions of the article.
• Substantial portions of the work have been previously published elsewhere without proper disclosure, permission, or justification.
• Plagiarism or serious text recycling is identified after publication.
• Confidential peer-review materials or unpublished data have been improperly used.
• Serious authorship or contributorship violations are identified.
• The article reports unethical research or breaches applicable legal or ethical requirements.
• Other circumstances arise in which maintaining the article as part of the published scholarly record would be misleading or harmful.

JASA follows the principles of the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

The retraction process generally includes:

• Notification of the potential grounds for retraction to the Editor-in-Chief or Editorial Board.
• An initial assessment of the available evidence.
• Communication with the author(s) and an opportunity for them to respond.
• Consultation with relevant editors, reviewers, institutions, or ethics bodies where necessary.
• A final editorial decision based on the available evidence and applicable publication ethics principles.

When an article is retracted, JASA will publish a clear retraction notice that identifies the article, explains the reason for the retraction, and provides a link to the original publication.

The original article will ordinarily remain accessible as part of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as Retracted, unless legal, ethical, or safety considerations require its removal.

JASA may issue a correction when a published article remains substantially reliable but contains errors that require clarification or amendment.

Corrections may be issued when:

• A limited portion of the article contains inaccurate or misleading information arising from an honest error.
• Errors are identified in numerical data, astronomical parameters, calculations, tables, figures, coordinates, equations, or other technical information that do not invalidate the overall conclusions.
• Minor errors in interpretation, terminology, affiliation, acknowledgement, or authorship require formal correction.
• Additional clarification is necessary to improve the accuracy of the published record.

Corrections may take the following forms:

• Publisher Correction (Erratum): issued when a significant error was introduced during editing, production, layout, or publication.
• Author Correction (Corrigendum): issued when an error originating from the author(s) requires formal correction.
• Addendum: issued when additional information or clarification is necessary to complement the original publication without altering its principal conclusions.

The decision to publish a correction and determine its appropriate form is made by the Editor-in-Chief or a designated Editor. Reviewers or members of the Editorial Board may be consulted where necessary.

Article removal is considered only in exceptional circumstances.

A published article may be removed from the journal’s online platform when:

• Its content is defamatory or violates legal rights.
• It infringes copyright, privacy, or other legally protected rights.
• Removal is required by a court order or other competent legal authority.
• Publication of the article poses a serious and immediate risk to public safety or welfare.
• Maintaining the full text online would result in substantial legal or ethical harm.

Where an article is removed, its bibliographic metadata will normally remain available together with a notice explaining the reason for removal.

In rare cases, a published article may contain serious errors that require substantial correction while the underlying research remains valid.

Where appropriate, the original article may be retracted and replaced by a corrected version. The replacement process will:

• Clearly identify the original article as retracted.
• Provide a transparent explanation of the reason for replacement.
• Link the retraction notice to the corrected version.
• Preserve an auditable record of the publication history.

Replacement will not be used to conceal substantive changes or alter the scholarly record without clear disclosure.

The Editor-in-Chief has final responsibility for decisions concerning corrections, retractions, removals, and replacements, taking into account the available evidence, recommendations of the Editorial Board, relevant institutional findings, and applicable publication ethics standards.

All post-publication actions undertaken by the Journal of Astronomy and Sharia Applications (JASA) are intended to protect the integrity, transparency, reliability, and long-term credibility of the scholarly record.