Dynamics of the Isbat Session and Differences in Determination The Beginning of Ramadan 1447 H in Indonesia

Abstract

The isbat session is an official mechanism in determining the beginning of the Hijri month in Indonesia that integrates the methods of hisab and rukyat. Differences in the early determination of Ramadan 1447 H among Muslims still often occur due to differences in the visibility criteria of the hilal and the methodological approach used by each group. This study aims to examine the dynamics of the isbat session and analyze the factors that cause the difference in the initial determination of Ramadan 1447 H. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method through a study of the results of the isbat session, hilal astronomy data, and previous research related to hisab and rukyat. The results of the study show that astronomical data provides a strong scientific basis in predicting the possibility of moon visibility, but differences in the criteria used and the results of field observations affect the decisions taken. The integration of hisab and rukyat in the isbat session reflects an attempt to compromise between scientific and normative approaches, although it has not been able to completely eliminate differences in society. This research provides a theoretical contribution to the study of Islamic astronomy and offers a perspective in strengthening a methodology for determining the beginning of the Hijri month that is more integrative and accurate.