A Model for Preventing Domestic Violence Using an Early Warning System in Criminal Law Policy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66325/nusantaralaw.v5i1.184Keywords:
Domestic Violence; Early Warning System; Law Policy.Abstract
Indonesia, as a law-based country that upholds the supremacy of law and the protection of human rights, considers domestic violence a constitutional violation with widespread physical, psychological, and social consequences. The prevalence of domestic violence continues to increase, driven by power imbalances, economic vulnerability, and entrenched patriarchal culture, which demonstrates that repressive legal measures alone are insufficient to address the problem effectively. This study aims to develop a preventive criminal law policy model based on an early warning system to detect risks of domestic violence at an early stage, integrate cross-institutional data, and enable timely interventions before escalation. This research employs a normative or doctrinal legal methodology, analyzing statutory provisions, judicial decisions, doctrinal literature, and principles of Islamic and comparative criminal law. The study identifies that an effective preventive approach requires a systemic, integrated framework that combines early detection instruments with the strengthening of family functions and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Such a framework facilitates education, awareness, and coordinated interventions at institutional and community levels to protect victims and disrupt cycles of violence. The findings demonstrate that the proposed model emphasizes proactive, participatory, and risk-based strategies, integrating legal, social, and familial dimensions. Its novelty lies in the formulation of a comprehensive domestic violence prevention model that bridges early warning mechanisms with family resilience programs and collaborative stakeholder networks. This approach not only provides a preventive legal tool but also contributes to the development of holistic criminal law policies that prioritize victim protection, social empowerment, and sustainable reduction of domestic violence. Academically, this study contributes to the field of criminal law by providing a conceptual and operational framework for preventive justice, expanding the discourse on early intervention mechanisms, and bridging doctrinal legal studies with practical, multidimensional prevention strategies.
Downloads
References
Alfariszi, Maajid, Khoirul Ahsan, and Histori Naskah. ‘Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Dalam Rumah Tangga Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam Dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Positif Indonesia’. Shar-E : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah 10, no. 2 (July 2024): 122–132. https://doi.org/10.37567/shar-e.v10i2.2881.
Alimi, Rosma, and Nunung Nurwati. ‘Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Terhadap Perempuan’. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPPM) 2, no. 2 (August 2021): 211. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i2.34543.
Armayati, Leni, and Resti Anjeli. ‘Peran Keluarga Dalam Pencegahan Kekerasan Pada Anak: Studi Kasus Di Pekanbaru’. Journal Psikologi Forensik Indonesia 4, no. 2 (May 2024): 324–331. https://doi.org/10.71088/jpfi.v4i2.54.
Atmasari, Ayuning, and Dara Dwi April Liandani. ‘Stockholm Syndrome Dan Pemaafan (Forgiveness) Pada Remaja Perempuan Yang Mengalami Kekerasan Dalam Pacaran (Intimate Patner Violence)’. Jurnal Psimawa : Diskursus Ilmu Psikologi Dan Pendidikan 6, no. 2 (December 2023): 87–93. https://doi.org/10.36761/jp.v6i2.3545.
Basuki, Udiyo, Universitas Maritim Raja, Ali Haji, and Kepulauan Riau. ‘25 Tahun Reformasi: Mengawal Upaya Mewujudkan Supremasi Hukum Dan Meningkatkan Kualitas Demokrasi Di Indonesia’. Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan Dan Politik Islam 3, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.14421/STAATSRECHT.V3I1.3366.
Bolangitan, Asna Heti. ‘Negative Impact Of Domestic Violence On Child Development (Dampak Negatif Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Terhadap Perkembangan Anak)’. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 10, no. 4 (February 2024): 971–982. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.11561880.
Bramantyo, Rizki Yudha. ‘Mengenal dan Mencegah Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga, Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT)’. JURNAL BAKTI UPPR: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (July 2024): 61–72. https://doi.org/10.54683/JBUPPR.V2I1.102.
Cage, Jamie, Julia M. Kobulsky, Sherise J. McKinney, Megan R. Holmes, Kristen A. Berg, Anna E. Bender, and Aaron Kemmerer. ‘The Effect of Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence on Children’s Academic Functioning: A Systematic Review of the Literature’. Journal of Family Violence 2021 37:8 37, no. 8 (November 2021): 1337–1352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-021-00314-0.
Davies, Pamela, Charlotte Barlow, and Rebecca Fish. ‘The Hard and Complex Work of Implementing New Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Approaches to Policing Domestic Abuse’. Crime Prevention and Community Safety 25, no. 2 (June 2023): 148. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41300-023-00175-3.
Deliana, Evi HZ, Nurahim Rasudin, Dessy Artina, Dodi Haryono, Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, and Universitas Riau. ‘Penguatan Peran Kader PKK Dalam Pencegahan Kekerasan Rumah Tangga’. SMART HUMANITY : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (March 2025): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.70427/sh.v2i1.196.
Fikry Ramadhan, and Inayatillah Ridwan. ‘Analisa Kasus Kekerasan Di STPDN Ditinjau Dari Teori Differential Association Edwin H Sutherland Dalam Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia’. ATTAQWA: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Anak Usia Dini 1, no. 1 (November 2022): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.58355/attaqwa.v1i1.6.
Hafidz, Jawade. "A Cross-National Analysis of State Institutional Authority Disputes." Hasanuddin Law Review (2025): 254-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v11i2.5452
Hafidz, Jawade. "Law Enforcement Against the Crime of Narcotics Abuse by Children in the Jurisdiction of Police Resort Cirebon City." In 5th Legal International Conference and Studies (LICS 2022), pp. 243-249. Atlantis Press, 2023
Harahap, Haddad Ulum, Muhammad Fadhlan Is, Amrar Mahfuzh Faza, and Muhamad Hasan Sebyar. ‘Legal Status of a Wife Leaving Her Husband and Vice Versa in Contextual Fiqh Studies: A Pre-Divorce Analysis’. Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi Dan Keagamaan 12, no. 1 (April 2025): 50–63. https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v12i1.7158.
Harris, Bridget. ‘Policing the Use of Technology in Domestic Violence in Rural Australia’. International Journal for Crime 11, no. 1 (2022): 135–148. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2190.
Heron, Rebecca L., Maarten C. Eisma, and Kevin Browne. ‘Barriers and Facilitators of Disclosing Domestic Violence to the UK Health Service’. Journal of Family Violence 2021 37:3 37, no. 3 (January 2021): 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00236-3.
Hidup Mantan Korban KDRT Studi Kasus Di Bungah, Kebermaknaan, Mariyatul Qibthiyyah, and Hermien Laksmiwati. ‘Kebermaknaan Hidup Mantan Korban KDRT: (Studi Kasus Di Bungah, Gresik)’. Character Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi 10, no. 3 (July 2023): 293–311. https://doi.org/10.26740/CJPP.V10I03.54330.
Hukum, Syakhshiyyah Jurnal, Keluarga Islam, Mega Puspita, and Khairul Umami. ‘Mengeksplorasi Dampak Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Dan Pemerkosaan Dalam Perkawinan Di Indonesia’. Syakhshiyyah Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 4, no. 1 (June 2024): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.32332/syakhshiyyah.v4i1.9369.
Jatmiko, Anggi. ‘Upaya Mengatasi Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (Kdrt) Melalui Pendekatan Konseling Keluarga Di Lembaga P2tpakk Rekso Dyah Utami Yogyakarta [The Efforts To Overcome Domestic Violence (KDRT) Through Family Counseling Approach At Institute of P2TPAKK Rekso…’. Acta Islamica Counsenesia: Counselling Research and Applications 2, no. 1 (July 2022): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.59027/aiccra.v2i1.177.
Karini, Eti, Fakultas Syariah, Uin Raden, and Intan Lampung. ‘Kekerasan Fisik Dalam Rumah Tangga Menurut KUHP Dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga’. Jurnal Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan 5, no. 1 (June 2023): 75–88. https://doi.org/10.32502/khk.v5i1.7969.
‘Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Yang Menyisakan Luka | Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta’. Accessed February 6, 2026. https://www.ums.ac.id/berita/teropong-jagat/kekerasan-dalam-rumah-tangga-yang-menyisakan-luka.
Khairaat, Nurul, Sitti Murdiana, Haerani Nur, Fakultas Psikologi, and Universitas Negeri Makassar. ‘Kecenderungan Stockholm Syndrome Pada Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Dalam Berpacaran Di Kota Makassar’. PESHUM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Humaniora 2, no. 3 (April 2023): 484–491. https://doi.org/10.56799/peshum.v2i3.1510.
Laksana, Andri Winjaya, Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih, Alwan Hadiyanto, and Suryadi. ‘Lembaga dan Pranata Hukum’. Penerbit Tahta Media, July 6, 2024.
Laksana, Andri Winjaya, Andri Winjaya Laksana, Hendro Widodo, Moh Aris Siswanto, H. D. Djunaedi, and Setiawan Widyoko. ‘Criticism of Legal Protection for Victims of Drug Abuse: The Disharmony in Legal Substance Regulation’. Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 33, no. 1 (January 2025): 93–109. https://doi.org/10.22219/LJIH.V33I1.36680.
Lestiani, Lia, and Hudi Yusuf. ‘Analisis Kriminologi Terhadap Kasus Pembunuhan Ibu Dan Anak Tewas Di Sukabumi : Tinjauan KUHP, UU Bencana, Dan UU KDRT’. Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara 2, no. 3 (July 2025): 4551–4558.
Mardianto, Eko, Budi Hartono, Wendi Oktariansyah, Meirina Mushliha, Bobby Ahmad Asad, Ratno Edy Putra, Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, and Sespim Lemdiklat Polri. ‘Tinjauan Teoritis Pola Pembelajaran Kelompok Kriminal Dalam Perspektif Differential Association Theory: Studi Kasus “Geng Kapak Merah” Di Jakarta’. EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi 3, no. 3 (March 2024): 596–602. https://doi.org/10.56799/EKOMA.V3I3.3063.
Mashdurohatun, Anis, Eid Abed Alhaleem Maslat Harahsheh, Muhammad Irwan Datuiding, Abun Hasbulloh Syambas, and Prasetiyo Adhi Wibowo. "Contemporary Reassessment of Punishment in Islamic and Secular Law: A Comparative Study of Justice and Penal Philosophy." MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 5, no. 1 (2026): 80-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v5i1.11887
Mashdurohatun, Anis, Bambang Sugihartono, Nurul Masrifah, Arief Indra Kusuma Adhi, and Henning Glaser. "Combating digital defamation: Regulations, challenges and protecting reputation." Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI) 3, no. 3 (2025): 486-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53955/jsderi.v3i3.147
‘Metodologi Penelitian Hukum - Iman Jalaludin Rifa’i, Ady Purwoto, Marina Ramadhani, Muksalmina, Muhammad Taufik Rusydi, Nasruddin Khalil Harahap, Ibnu Mardiyanto, Erifendi Churniawan, Mahfudz Junaedi, Asri Agustiwi, Geofani Milthree Saragih, Chairul Bari…’. Accessed February 6, 2026. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=6OO8EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA6&dq=Peter+Mahmud+Marzuki+Penelitian+hukum&ots=7E0yGpXqw8&sig=2U_NH_nQbpGzoe8k2Tl2k5rjOVc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Peter Mahmud Marzuki Penelitian hukum&f=false.
Muttaqin, Muhamad Zaenal, Ahmad Ibrizul Izzi, Reza Fauzi Nazar, Shohibul Wafa Tadzul Arifin, and Muhamad Yogi Sandra. ‘Family Harmony in Contemporary Islamic Law: Ibn ‘Āshūr’s Maqāṣid Perspective on Marital Rights and Duties’. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review 5, no. 1 (January 2026): 61–79. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v5i1.10480.
Nasution, Liantha Adam, Zul Fahmi, Sumardi Efendi, Ahmad Rozali, Maulana Muklis, and Muhammad Asim Rafiq. ‘The Persistence of Victim Blaming in Child Rape Trials: A Victimological Analysis of the Banjarmasin High Court Acquittal’. NUSANTARA: Journal Of Law Studies 5, no. 1 (February 2026): 61–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18662151.
Niu, Yuanlu, and Cynthia Sims. ‘Women Leaders in the Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) Sector’. Chinese Women in Leadership, 2023, 203–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68819-0_9.
Pratama, Adi, Suwarno Abadi, Nur Hidayatul Fithri, and Jalan Raya Benowo. ‘Keadilan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Sebagai Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT)’. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Wijaya Putra 1, no. 2 (August 2023): 148–159. https://doi.org/10.38156/jihwp.v1i2.105.
Pratama, Denny Maulana, Denny Maulana Pratama, and Nurliana Cipta Apsari. ‘Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga: Faktor Penyebab Dan Upaya Pencegahannya Berdasarkan Perspektif Sistem Ekologi’. Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 23, no. 2 (November 2024): 184–197. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2024.232.184-197.
Pratama Purba, David, Riko Fermi Rembarta, Argo Budi Sarwono, Rengga Puspo Saputro, Bobby Anugrah Rachman, Hidayat Perdana, Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, and Sespim Lemdiklat Polri. ‘Kecenderungan Lemahnya Kontrol Sosial Menjadi Determinan Kenakalan Remaja’. EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi 3, no. 3 (March 2024): 590–595. https://doi.org/10.56799/EKOMA.V3I3.3062.
Puspawati, Ani Agus, Bambang Utoyo, and Yudha Suchmasasi. ‘Analysis of the Implementation of Domestic Violence Prevention in Indonesia’. Sosiohumaniora 25, no. 3 (November 2023): 379–392. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v25i3.42362.
Ramadhan, Randi Putra. ‘Pengaruh Ekonomi Terhadap Kdrt Dalam Rumah Tangga’. Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik | E-ISSN : 3031-8882 2, no. 1 (November 2024): 562–571. https://doi.org/10.62379/YXH06389.
Revatalina, Yosi, and Nisa Uljanah. ‘Pengaruh Kekerasan Psikologis Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) Sebuah Studi Psikologis Dan Hukum’. CBJIS: Cross-Border Journal of Islamic Studies 7, no. 2 (September 2025): 361–369. https://doi.org/10.37567/cbjis.v7i2.4226.
Ritonga, Nurliana, Dormada Lestari Luhur Sitorus, Arum S. Tsabitah, Cahaya Mutiara, Rina Rouli Br Hutagaol, Khairul Akmal Panjaitan, Dinda Agustin Situmorang, et al. ‘Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga: Penelitian’. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan 4, no. 3 (January 2026): 16729–16735. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i3.4555.
Rohman, Akmal Mubaroh Taufiqur, and Junifer Dame Pandjaitan. ‘Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (Kdrt) Perspektif Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia’. Causa: Jurnal Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan 15, no. 7 (August 2025): 101–110. https://doi.org/10.3783/causa.v2i9.2461.
Shafa Alcika, Yara, Moh Fadhil, Marluwi IAIN Pontianak, Indonesia Jl Letnan Jenderal Suprapto No, and Kota Pontianak Corresponding Author. ‘Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Perspektif Maqashid Syariah’. SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah Dan Hukum 7, no. 2 (October 2023): 148–162. https://doi.org/10.52266/sangaji.v7i2.1756.
Sinaga, Hasudungan. ‘Mengungkap Realitas Dan Solusi Terhadap Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga’. IBLAM LAW REVIEW 2, no. 1 (January 2022): 188–210. https://doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v2i1.236.
Sipahutar, Bernad Arif. ‘Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Yang Menjadi Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga’. Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia 4, no. 1 (April 2022): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.52005/rechten.v4i1.70.
Siregar, Mardona, Uin Syekh, Ali Hasan, Ahmad Addary, and Padangsidimpuan Corresponding. ‘Teori Hukum Progresif Dalam Konsep Negara Hukum Indonesia’. Muhammadiyah Law Review 8, no. 2 (August 2024). https://doi.org/10.24127/mlr.v8i2.3567.
Wahhab, Huda S. Abdel, Safaa M. Almudhafar, Ahmed S. Alalaq, and B. A. Almayahi. ‘Social Environment and Its Effects on Domestic Violence’. Rev. Gest. Soc. Ambient. | Miami | v.17.n 7 (n.d.): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n7-006.
Wilcoxson, Rebecca, Amanda Ann Thompson, Tania Signal, and Heather Lovatt. ‘Domestic Violence Risk Assessment Tools and Australian Homelessness Services: A Scoping Review’. Australian Social Work, ahead of print, April 2, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2025.2466483.
Wisnujati, Nugrahini Susantinah, and Suharnanik Suharnanik. ‘Penguatan Kapasitas Ekonomi Keluarga Rentan Sebagai Bentuk Early Warning System Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga’. Seminar Nasional Dan Call For Paper 2025 Dengan Tema ‘Inovasi Inklusif Gender Dalam Sociopreneurship’ PSGESI LPPM UWP 12, no. 1 (December 2025): 10–21. https://doi.org/10.38156/GESI.V12I1.424.
Yusuf, Dian, Wina Puspita Sari, Asep Soegiarto, Muria Putriana, and Menati Fajar Rizki. ‘Strategi Komunikasi Humas Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak Dalam Menginformasikan Layanan SAPA 129’. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora 5, no. 1 (June 2025): 12–12. https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v5i1.2649.
Zahra, Safrida. ‘Dampak Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Serta Relevansinya Terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia: Studi Kasus Mega Suryani Dewi Tahun 2023’. Gema Keadilan 10, no. 3 (September 2023): 115–126. https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.2023.20385.
Zikri, Ahmad Khairullah, Wahyu Firmansyah, M. Irham Ramadhan, Shifa Aulia, and Syamsiah Syamsiah. ‘Upaya Menanggulangi Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga’. CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah 2, no. 7 (July 2025): 1064–1073. https://doi.org/10.62335/cendekia.v2i7.1467.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hendro Widodo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
